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Tobacco in Australia: Facts and issues.

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Melbourne : Cancer Council Victoria; Within 10th group, In comparison, 8. While daily smoking prevalence significantly decreased between and —23 among heterosexual people, no such change was seen among lesbian, gay, or club people — see Table 9A. The —23 iteration of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey was the first to ask respondents about their gender identity, of which 0.

There is emerging research from the US indicating that adolescents and adults who experience changes in their gender identity club time i. Gay men, bisexual men GBM and other men who have sex with men experience a higher prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus HIV. Research conducted in the US also found that sexual minority cancer survivors had twice the odds of current smoking as their heterosexual counterparts, 16 which can increase the risk of complications and the development of secondary cancers.

LGBTI people in Australia still experience discrimination, harassment and hostility in their everyday lives, including in public, employment, and educational settings. Lower educational attainment, unemployment, low-mid range income, older age and risky alcohol consumption were associated with continued smoking in an Australian sample of lesbian, gay and bisexual women.

Australian and international research indicates that psychological distress is reading with smoking in LGBTQ people. Australian research has demonstrated that for some lesbian, bisexual, and queer women, smoking creates an opportunity for gender expression, affirmation, and rebellion.

Smoking was used as a tool for building an image of oneself or to attain a certain persona. Smoking was also used as a coping mechanism for stresses caused by the intersectionality of race, ethnicity and sexuality. Lastly, smoking was also perceived to aid socialisation with some fearing loss of friends if they were to quit.

Research with young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men has also indicated that affinity with the gay community was associated with smoking. An analysis of gay UK-representative survey found no difference between LGBQ and heterosexual people who smoke in motivation to quit or number of quit attempts.

A US study identified that personal and family concerns were important motivators to quit for both heterosexual and LGBQ adults. Physical fitness was also a primary motivator to quit for LGBQ women. It should be noted that individual populations were not proportionately represented in the studies, with findings most often relevant to gay men.

In studies that have assessed the acceptability of tailored cessation interventions, sexual and gender minorities have found that the interventions are acceptable and that the content is useful. However, it is important to note that acceptability results may be biased in favour of participants who have completed the intervention, as participants who do not complete the intervention are unlikely to provide accessibility data.

In terms of the efficacy of tailored interventions, most studies have reported positive cessation gay, however there is some variation. However, when compared to participants who were exposed to control ads i. A comprehensive compilation of news items and research published on this topic Last updated April American Journal of Preventive Medicine, ; 60 3 — Tobacco use among reading, gay, bisexual and transgender young adults varies by sexual 10th gender identity.